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Russia is marked by revolution after revolution. In April, 1917, demonstrations broke out in Petrograd, lead by V.I. Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, the radical side of the Social Democratic party. Shortly thereafter, Leon Trotsky joined them from New York, changing his allegiance from the Menshevik to the Bolsheviks. Leading the Russian people against the Provisional government of the time, and lead by Alexander Kerensky, the Bolsheviks failed at their mission.
Lenin, Trotsky and the Bolshevik party found it necessary to go into hiding, but this was for only a short time. Because of infighting within the regime in power at the time, Kerensky lost the support of the military. This led to mass evacuations among the troops. In the mean time, Lenin encouraged returning soldiers not to come home empty handed, but rather to bring their weapons with them. He instinctively knew that without guns, no one can resist a well armed governmental body.
The slogan: "Peace, Land, and Bread," the Bolsheviks appealed to the common man. Thus the party grew tremendously during that time.
"Parliamentary procedure was being discussed by the liberal intellectuals in Petrograd and Moscow, but this had very little meaning to 100 million Russians. They knew what they wanted, and they were going home to get it with rifles in their hands"[1]
It was on October 25, 1917, that workers of Pentrograd and returning soldiers attacked the Provisional Government. The result was the retreat of Kerensky to Prague and later to Paris. Kerensky finally ended up in Westchester County, New York, in the United States where he finished out the rest of his life.
Consequently, the Bolsheviks gained control, providing power to the Second Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. On October 26, Lenin proposed a decree to gain peace right away. The second item on his agenda was the nationalisation of land without due compensation to those who owned them.
The third item he proposed was the formation of a Council of Peoples' Commissars. Lenin, himself was to serve as its premier. Trotsky was to be the foreign affairs commissar. Bolsheviks where to serve in most other positions in the new government. Lenin's proposals were then widely accepted and put into practice thereafter.
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